A Secret Weapon for Isb Essay Samples 2017

A Secret Weapon for Isb Essay Samples 2017 The Little-Known Secrets to Isb Essay Samples 2017 While each particular criterion has its specific directions, to find an outstanding grade, you want to learn how to properly combine them. Making the completion of private finance coursework a requirement for graduation would guarantee that young folks are at least aware of the fundamentals of keeping up a financial stability. Unlike topics for middle school or higher school, superior college topics are somewhat more challenging to discover. In general, the YLP selection procedure is rigorous and detailed. Persuasive writing can be challenging, particularly when you're made to face with a close-minded audience. While writing an easy essay may not look like a struggle from the very first glimpse, it nevertheless requires a particular amount of commons sense and creativity. Once you've got an outline, its time to begin writing. Narration is telling a story from a particular viewpoint , and there is generally a reason behind the telling. You should incorporate a distinct phrase for every one of your topics of assessment. No matter this issue, the structure is exactly the same for any persuasive essay. Needless to say, there's absolutely no definite solution to the question I used as a title. Knowing what sort of essay you're attempting to write can help you choose a topic and structure your essay in the very best way possible. On the opposite side, obtaining a list of good persuasive essay topics is insufficient. Before writing down the facts and examples which you're likely to tackle, you ought to be well informed, first of all, about your topic. Possessing very good research abilities and selecting a superb topic is critical. Isb Essay Samples 2017 - the Conspiracy There were a great deal of cross questions also. The next thing to do is to outline what you're going to write about. You may, as an example, write an expository essay with step-by-step instructions about how to create a peanut butter sandwich. The New Angle On Isb Essay Samples 2017 Just Released There aren't any steadfast rules that you will need to adhere to as you write. Don't be concerned about a few of them being rather abstract their principal purpose is to reveal to you the basic principle s that you'll have the ability to transfer to your own writing. There are a fantastic number of theories concerning extraterrestrial life. You will see people with more money indulging in dangerous activities attempting to fill the void they can't explain. The War Against Isb Essay Samples 2017 For instance, if you've got a background in marketing, you ought to fully grasp how Finance, Operations, and Logistics work to acquire into a management role. The significance of research in persuasive writing cannot be overstated. You may trust us to offer expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. Write instead about why you believe you will make an excellent ISB student and a prosperous small business leader later on. Isb Essay Samples 2017 Fundamentals Explained Are you fighting to find quality writers. The success of the entire essay directly depends upon how good you present the supporting facts. There are lots of persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. For that reason, it's imperative to learn how to approach any issue with a strong focus on solving it. Which is the reason why we here give you some persuasive essay samples that may assist you with your own. To structure an essay, you should simply stick to the aforementioned format. If you have not ever written an essay before, or when you struggle with writing and need to enhance your skills, it's a superb notion to experience several actions in the essay writing process. You cannot compose an essay if you don't experience a notion of what things to write about. There's several essays completed by them. Your thesis is the principal point of your essay. The very first step to writing an essay is to determine what type of essay to write. If you would like to figure out how to compose a decent persuasive essay, you're looking in the correct location! The simplest approach to compose a decent persuasive essay is to chose a topic you're confident in. Just adhere to the guidelines stated above, and you'll be well on your way to writing a very good persuasive essay. Characteristics of Isb Essay Samples 2017 Don't forget that any argumentative essay sample you'll discover on the internet will require a full rewriting in order to prevent plagiarism. The main component which creates a persuasive essay in English stand out from the remainder of assignments is the use of reasoning. There's no ideal solution on how best to compose an effective essay. The finest persuasive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. Such a paragraph might incorporate a concise overview of the ideas to be discussed in body of the paper in addition to other information related to your paper's argument. It would be considerably more difficult to align your arguments to coordinate with the thesis, and it may diminish the worth of your assessment and the validity of your arguments. The thesis will often be utilized in your introductory paragraph. Observe that the objective of a persuasive speech is just like the purpose for writing an argumentative or persuasive essay.

Introduction to Environmental Health for Body Mass - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Environmental Health for Body Mass. Answer: The circumstances that pose suitable conditions for a person to thrive, grow, perform and age are referred to as social determinants of health. Health behaviors may be identified as a proximate social determinant that is of particular significance in the context of environmental health issue. The metabolic syndrome of overweight and obesity has gained an epidemic status in Australia thwarting a bulk proportion of the native population that calls for prompt and prudent interventions to combat the situation (Rahman and Harding 2013). The health indicators of body mass index (BMI) alongside other valid markers have revealed the alarming state of the condition pertaining to excessive fat accumulation inside the body that accentuates the risk for acquiring other chronic health conditions. Data estimated the prevalence of overweight or obesity among 11.2 million Australian adults accounting for 63% of the population in 2014-15 (Aihw.gov.au 2017). Empirical findings have attributed the risk s for obesity to personality traits that predispose an individual to develop co-morbidities and associated health threats in relation to social, economic, demographic and lifestyle variables (Avsar, Ham and Tannous 2017). Therefore, propositions have been made with respect to employing and reinforcing suitable interventions that cater to these aspects and aid in fostering healthy lifestyle modifications thereby mitigating the rising obesity trends in Australia. Obesity management has been recommended through promotion of physical activity and healthy dietary pattern in the vulnerable population (Dietz et al. 2015). Thus, it is evident that health behavior is intimately associated with prevention and management of obesity. References Aihw.gov.au 2017.Australias health 2016. [online] Aihw.gov.au. Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=60129556760 [Accessed 19 Aug. 2017]. Avsar, G., Ham, R. and Tannous, W.K., 2017. Factors influencing the incidence of obesity in Australia: a generalized ordered probit model.International journal of environmental research and public health,14(2), p.177. Dietz, W.H., Baur, L.A., Hall, K., Puhl, R.M., Taveras, E.M., Uauy, R. and Kopelman, P., 2015. Management of obesity: improvement of health-care training and systems for prevention and care.The Lancet,385(9986), pp.2521-2533. Rahman, A. and Harding, A., 2013. Prevalence of overweight and obesity epidemic in Australia: some causes and consequences.JP Journal of Biostatistics,10(1), p.31.

B2B B2C Marketing Essay Example

B2B B2C Marketing Paper List Of Contents 1Introduction2 2Marketing2 2. 1Direct Markteting2 2. 2Digital/Internet Marketing3 2. 3Advantages Disadvantages3 3Ethical and Legal Issues4 3. 1Ethics4 3. 2Legal Issues4 4B2B B2C5 5Databased Marketing8 6Conclusion8 Introduction â€Å"Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying , anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitablyâ€Å" (The Chartered Institute of Management) Marketing is as old as civilisation itself. The first use of â€Å"Marketingâ€Å" as a technical term was between 1905 and 1920 by american universities. Now the days there are many different subgroups of Marketing. Two of them is Direkt and Internet Marketing. This report is about Direkt and Internet Marketing with a focus about changes in the past, which includes also the society changes, the reason why it grows and the benefits. Furthermore the report, based on four case studys, shows the difference between business to bussines (b2b) and business to consumer (b2c) plus a short overview of Databases Marketing. Marketing Direct Markteting Direct Marketing is an interactive system of marketing that uses one or more advertising media to effect a measurable customer response or transaction at any location and stores information about that event in a database. For many years, marketers loosley defined marketing as identifying and satisfying customers neets at a profit Up to the 50s and 60s, mass marketing and mass communication dominated marketing practice. (Brian Thomas Matthew Housden 2011 p. ) Now the days the system changed, Not in the way in which companys look at their customers but rather in they way how they present there products. There is now a dialog between the company and the customer, which allows the company to create, for example advertising, which fittes perfect to the customers. It is, of course mass production, but in a way that satisfy the customer from the beginning. Direct Marketing needs a special, strategic planning. The short life expectancy of the Marketing Director i s the reason. We will write a custom essay sample on B2B B2C Marketing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on B2B B2C Marketing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on B2B B2C Marketing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Probably up to 3 years a Marketing Director works for a company. In this short time the department must implement everything. This claims a hard disziplin from everyone. Digital/Internet Marketing Digital Marketing is a tool to promote products using all ways of digital advertising channels to reach consumers. The way of reaching the customers is by using for example Internet, TV and Mobile. Exactly these medias, especialy Internet, gives the company a big place to run free. Internet Marketing is a subgroub of the Digital Marketing. This type of marketing uses various online advertisements to drive traffic to an advertisers website. banner advertisements, pay per click (PPC), and targeted email lists are often methodes used in Internet marketing to bring the most value to the advertiser (Business Dicitionary) Advantages ; Disadvantages There are a couple of advantages for the company as well as for the customers. The customers is now in a postition, that allows him to shop 24 hours a day from anywhere without going to the store physically. That also ncludes a interactive and immediate communication between consumers und the company. Now they can interact with the sellers site to find the information about spezific products, or services they desire, then order or download them on the spot. Companies can also interact with customers to learn more about their needs and to build customer databases. which are helpfull for a targeted advertising. Beside this the expense of maintaining, for example a physical store, is not of further interest. This can lower costs. Digital catalogs cost less to produce than printing. This includes a greater flexibility. Unlike a paper catalog whose products and prices are fixed until the next printing, an online catalog can be adjusted daily or even hourly, adapting product availability, prices, and promotions to match changing market conditions. (Philip Kotler Gary Armstrong 1998) But there are also a couple of disadvantages. The internet is a unregulated (in many country also lawfree) medium. The control of such a great medium is impossible. Spam and Fishing are only two of million ways to avoid the legality. This is a problem for customers as well as for the company. Beside this the internet can only reach certain consumers types. For example oldfashioned people are not in the target. Even if everything is good, the internet user need technical support or the company itself. (Lisa Spiller, Martin Baier 2005 p. 209) Ethical and Legal Issues The regulation enviroment of direct marketing includes the two very important areas of ethical and legal issues. Ethics are the moral principles of conduct governing the behavior of an individual or a group. Morals are often described in terms of good or bad. To be ethical in marketing means to conform to the accepted professional standards of conduct. (Lisa Piller, Martin Baier 2005 p. 289) Ethics Years ago the DMA (Direct Marketing Association) established a guidline for direct marketers. From honesty and clarity offer over telephone marketing to fundraising the guidline leads marketers through the ethical issius of direct marketing. (www. the-dma. org) But the Internet is not a place where the word ethic carrys great weight. Legal Issues Privacy legislation actually began over a century ago in 1890 when Smauel Warren and Justice Brandeis wrote a law reviwe article advocating that a person should be protected from having personal matters reported by the press for commercial reasons. (Lisa Spiller Martin Baier 2005 p. 294) Marketers have always had an interest in knowing consumer information. Now the days nothing changed. The Need of perfect information is present and priceless. From discount cards to surveys comapanys do everything to get information from their customers. Even the Internet is a place of anonymity. The webpage owner knows exactly where you come from (IP) and can see, what you did on the page, what you bought and what page you went to after finishing your shoppingtrip. One example is Amazon. If you are looking for a CD they show you what other customer bought, after they bought this special CD. The can influence you to buy another CD even though you only want to buy only one. For that reason many countrys remitted many laws against this Spam. Another big point is the copyright. The copyright is one of the important things to do while using Internet Marketing . To save the rights means to save your company. B2B B2C Purely business to business means a relationship between two or more companys. Behind every consumer purchase in a modern economy there is a network of business to business transactions. Even an epparently simple transaction at the supermarket is only made possible by a web of supporting business to business transactions. This network, largely is mostly invisible to the final customer. The key distinguishing feature of a business to business market is that the customer is an organisation rather tan an individual consumer. Different from business to business is business to customer. Relating to an advertising or marketing program aimed at businesses doing business directly with consumers as opposed to other businesses. The term is most commonly used in reference to commerce or business that is conducted over the Internet between a commercial enterprise and a consumer. (www. qfinance. com) Examples for B2B: FedEx FedEx offers and prices its delivery services in a variety of categories including, several years ago, a category called Priority1. To expand its market, increase its penetration, and hold its present customers for this premium service, FedEx conceived a business to business direct mail campaign to announce a new discount schedule. Based striktly on its potential value in the immediate future, the direct mail program was divided into three segments: 1. Frequent users of Priority 1: 19,126 individual customers 2. Infrequent users of Priority 1: 121,705 individual customers 3. Other FedEx customers who had never used Priority 1: 63,431 individual customer The symbol to be used for dramatizing the Priority 1 service was the same for all three market segments: a 5-pound reproduction of the 1913 exercise weigt. Frequent user of Priority 1 received the exercise weight immediately as a goodwill gift; infrequent user had to request it; nonusers received it as a premium with the purchase of Priority 1 service for the first time. Frequent useres were also asked to identify other prospects and decision makers within their own organisation. A total of 7,044 (24. 1 percent) of the 29,126 frequent user revipients of the promotion did just that. Of the 121,705 infrequent user contacted, a total of 25,985 (24,0 percent) responded by requesting the gift, and , in the process, they also supplied 14,723 names of new prospects within their own organisation As a result of this new system FedEx got an immediate sale of 500,000$ on the new customers alone. (Lisa Spiller Martin Baier 2005 p. 324) Microsoft The MediaGuardian Microsoft Office’s overriding strategy was to create relevance between the Microsoft Office product and the everyday working lives of the target audience, marketing professionals. However, it was recognised that standard advertising for this product to this audience would generate low interest and response. MediaGuardian. co. uk and Microsoft Office co-branded bespoke microsite focusing on ‘The pressures of marketing’. This comprised a series of articles commissioned by MediaGuardian, focusing on real life working issues rather than technology themes. For example: how to capture creative ideas, home working, and making email secure. Each article incorporated links to the Microsoft Office site where interested users could find more information. The Media Guardian solution fully exploited the great qualities of the interactive medium and allowed Microsoft a platform through which to engage the audience and demonstrate its products rather than simply talk about them. Once users attention had been grabbed, the highly relevant content of the online events further educated users about the new version of Microsoft Office and how it could make life easier. Examples for B2C: Hitachi Hitachi wanted to establish a more direct link to consumers through its business to consumer operations while minimizing the negative impact on its core business. Despite difficult economic conditions, the 2008 holiday shopping season proved to be a great success. The Hitachi Consulting team created an integrated B2C eCommerce strategy that provided a multi-year blueprint for supporting target growth and increased profitability. The corresponding technology strategy was designed to support a planned expansion that would include B2B capability, in addition to increased B2C functionality The team then designed and implemented the expanded eStore, according to the long term technical vision As a result of the transition support and enhancements Hitachi Consulting provided, the eStore was ready. The client realized significant success during the four-day period between Black Friday and Cyber Monday, including: ? a more than 35 percent increase in orders, ? a greater than 100 percent increase in site visits, and ? an over 50 percent increase in revenue. (www. hitachiconsulting. com) TreadMoves The challange for TreadMove was to promote their videos by using a small budget without using the typical mass media retail channels. The team looked out for chatroomes realated to fitness where they searched for information about the needs of these fitness adicted people. After collecting the information they produced the first set of videos. To lower the cost of promotion, the team decided to use the same chatrooms. By uploading Videos and creating topics, they informed the users. This was the right way. Once the initial two videos were successfully introduced to the market, the TreadMovers team took advantage of its most valuable recource, its customer database. Every person who bought a video was now informed by mail, whenever a new video was on the market. They got a 20% return of response whithin only two days. The next step was to get more consumer email addresses. This was done by using memberinformation of gyms, given by the owner. As a result of being able to demonstrate significant web site traffic as well as a 30% repeat purchase rate, the TreadMoves team investigated other channels of distribution. Today, TreadMoves is sold via multi-channel direct marketin in addition to the TreadMovers webpage, customers can also buy the videos from on-line retailers like Amazon. om, multiple cataloges such as Collage Video an brick-and-store retailers like Barnes Noble All this by minimum costs of 100$ for marketing (web page costs). (Lisa Spiller Martin Baier 2005 p. 27) These are four examples of succesfully B2B and B2C strategies that show, how importent marketing is, to business partners as well as to consumers. Databased Marketing Communicating, promoting, and selling activitys based on a databased managment system which stores and re fines data generated by a companys routine marketing and selling efforts. The databased managment system construcs customer profiles based on their personal, demographic, geographic, and psychographic characteristics. ,enabling the firm to direct its marketing efforts with greater accurancy. (Business Dictionary) The growth of database marketing has been facilitated by powerfull processing capability and immense strorage capacity of todayss computers. The strengths of database marketing is because it is measurable, testable, selective and flexible. There are no fix costs beside the costs for the programm the company has to buy (SAP, Oracle etc. but a performance guarantee and this can be done very quickly. Data can be primary data, secondary data or external data. (Lisa Spiller, Martin Baier 2005 p. 60) Conclusion Direct Marketing, especially Internet Marketing has become a big and importent part of the marketing. Now the days there is no way arround. Nearly everbody promotes his company, brand or whatever in a digital way to get more and more customers. E ven the smallest one, like a pizza delivery service. But as mentioned above, there are many traps. The future is now and to serve a good service, nearly everybody has to jump on this big train. The way to do this is up to yourselfe. Internet Marketin, as opposed to the classic Direct Marketin, is cheaper, faster, more efficent and 24/7/365 available. Brian Thomas ; Matthew Housden Direct and Digital Marketing in Practise 2011 Business Dictionary 2010 Philip Kotler ; Gary Armstrong Grundlagen des Marketing 1998 Lisa Spiller ; Martin Baier Contemporary Direct Marketing 2005 The Chartered Institute of Management www. hitachiconsulting. com www. qfinance. com www. the-dma. org

John Keats-ode to autumn Essays

John Keats-ode to autumn Essays John Keats-ode to autumn Paper John Keats-ode to autumn Paper This is the last poem Keats wrote and is an ode, which is a lyric poem addressed to a person or thing and deals with one main idea. The romantic poets like Wordsworth, Shelley and Keats used this form of poem a lot. The Romantics wrote of many things in their poems and believed their emotions and their imagination were very important. In this poem the main subject is autumn which Keats relates to love, death and immortality (Romantics were interested in these areas). He describes Autumns rich images and uses them as symbols for his own feelings. Keats uses a mature language to convey a Romantics view of Autumn and nature. In the first stanza we are straight away led into the idea of something which is warm, pleasant, smooth and full of richness autumn.. The word autumn is never used except in the title so we only know its autumn because of the way Keats paints us a picture with words. With words like mellow and fruitfulness being used. Keats then talks of the sun and how it ripens everything in a completed and full way, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core.. This shows how Keats believes autumn begins and summer ends, with the growth and ripeness of fruit and plants. He uses detailed, complex and innovative language to describe a maturing and full Autumn. For example, when talking about the ripening fruit of autumn And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core and To swell the gourd and plump the hazel shells. The use of those words swell and plumpin this context presents a very real picture. He shows use a summer leaving and a Autumn entering in abundance and an idea of love. The line .. later flowers for the bees, Until they think warm days will never cease, shows how autumn can come slowly in with warm sun and late flowers such that the bees may think it is still summer. Maybe this all relates to Keats and shows he had reached the ripest point of his career. The second stanza is Autumn described in a very strong way and shows us very visual ideas. Keats in this stanza represents Autumn as a person or spirit using words such as seated, sleeping and watching which are all things one does. For example, in the lines Sometimes whoever seeks abroad may find. Thee sitting careless on a granary floor, Thy hair soft-lifted Keats clearly shows autumn as a person, using the pronoun thee and words such as careless which can only apply to people. Another example is when he writes: Steady thy laden head across a brook; Or by a cider -press with patient look with the word patient clearly a human quality. This personification is very good at getting across the feeling of an autumn day the furrows are half-reaped there is a winnowing wind but it is not cold and bitter like winter because he writes they hair soft lifted by the winnowing wind. In this second stanza, he also shows what Autumn has and brings its characteristics and occupations. This stanza has a feeling of contentment and yet impermanence, the cider reaches its last oozings and the harvest is finishing while thy hook spares the next swath . Autumn reaches its peak but the peak is slowly fading. Talk of drugs to ease pain was mentioned Drowsed with the fume of poppies. This was linking with one of the Romantics pastimes but maybe also the pain-relief for Keats. He describes corn being hooked and cider being pressed. All of this stanza may again relate to Keats life as he knew of his illness and death was beginning to enter his thoughts. The last stanza is important and uses brilliant and poetic language with Keats showing his joy in words. Music is an important topic here with with Keats claiming that, like spring, autumn has its own music .. thou hast thy music too and he used words such as choir, sing, soft, treble and twitter. The gnats are a wailful choir; the hedge-crickets sing and now with treble soft, The redbreast whistles. But also there is a contrasting and somewhat overpowering topic of death and winter. This is portrayed in lines such as While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day, and Then in a wailful choir, the small gnats mourn telling us they are about to die. The stanza hints at eternal beauty present which Keats was interested in and searched for in the lines hedge crickets sing redbreast whistles gathering swallows twitter and full grown lambs bleat we are given a picture of life . I like his description of how the sinking sun touches the stubble-plains with rosy hue. The last five lines in the stanza stand out with sounds combining to give a low drone and feeling of time. The stanza gives a feeling of rising and falling in comparative ways as it leads into winter a cold and dark month. The swallows are gathering getting ready to leave for warmer countries and the clouds bloom the soft dying day . The winter relates to Keats as he was near death and Im sure he thought very deeply as he wrote the last stanza. The whole poem presents a different and very imaginative view of nature. The poem has a varied rhythm similar to a sonnet and it is very interesting how the poem is still full of richness even thought only one simile was used .. like a gleaner . This poem shows Keats as a Romantic and shows his skill at describing his life in terms of nature and at the same time bringing to life a picture of an English autumn. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Keats section.

Self Evaluation in Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Self Evaluation in Business law - Essay Example The paper is done using the Harvard referencing system and proper in-text citation and bibliography is provided. There is also a list of appendices used in the research report. Familiar cases and ruling have been applied appropriately, for example the case of in liability for allergic reaction of goods purchased under the sale of goods agreement. Most importantly has been submitted in good time. Last but not least the answer provide in different question have demonstrated that reasonable reach has been conducted and there is understanding of the Sale of good Act of 1974 and the Consumer Credit Act. It is one thing knowing about the Acts, and it is another thing being able to apply the provisions in handling complex real situations.Under the Sale of Goods Act, Julia has a right to complain to the seller of the washing machine. It is the buyers duty to inspect goods once there are delivered and to notify the seller of any faults within reasonable time. Some products have warranty perio ds but the Sale of goods act stipulates that the rights of a buyer can not be curtailed by simple warranty terms and conditions. A buyer has the right to inspect goods within reasonable time and place before accepting them. Generally, a buyer who finds goods purchase too be faulty is entitled with the responsibility to proof that the goods were faulty at the time of purchase. This way, a buyer can request for a full refund. Had Julia inspected the washing machine before six months, it would have been agreed that the machine was fault at the time of sale. However, Julia has reasonable circumstances as to why she did not return the machine earlier. She was traveling and thus had no time to inspect the machine. Julia was not in position to inspect and check the washing machine when it was delivered because she was called immediately the machine was delivered to an emergency and was away for 6 months. Her responsibility in this case is to just proof that the machine was not in satisfact ory condition at the time of purchase because she has never used it even once. It is her right as a consumer to get goods of acceptable standard and that are fit for their purpose (National Consumer agency 2011). It is now Julia’s responsibility to act promptly. She can seek refund, replacement or repair under the sale of goods Act. Oliver bought a luxury deep filled duck –down pillow so he would sleep well. However, he did not ask the sellers for man –made fibre pillow. The sellers were unaware of his allergy reactions to feather. Therefore, the sellers acted in good faith while selling Oliver the luxury pillow; he wanted to sleep well and he never told them about any problems with feather. The seller’s responsibility under consumer Act was to let the buyers know that the pillow had feather in it. The case would have been different if Oliver had told the seller that he was allergic to feather. Then, he would have statutory rights to be compensated for the harm suffered and may get another feather free luxury pillow. The product was not faulty or defective, it is just that he was allergic and other buyers may be not allergic. In the case of Adelman-Tremblay V.Jewel Companies, Inc in 1988, it was

How to Resolve an Ethnic Conflict- Case Study of Bosnia Research Paper

How to Resolve an Ethnic Conflict- Case Study of Bosnia - Research Paper Example The Serbs were seeking political dominance in Bosnia by eliminating the weak Bosnian Muslims. According to Horowitz (2000), a weak state cannot manage the differing ethnic interests peacefully in order to provide protection to all ethnic groups. The Bosnian conflict was also politically fueled by government and military leaders. Political leaders can have discriminatory inter-ethnic politics and ideologies that favor some ethnic groups (Jesse & Williams, 2011). Serbian leaders such as General Mladic and Radovan Karadzic were the masterminds of the Srebrenica massacre. Serbian political leaders had empowered Serb militias to fight the defenseless Bosnian Muslims. Cultural factors such as propaganda, stereotyping and religious differences also lead to ethnic conflict (Jesse & Williams, 2011). Stereotyping creates tension between ethnic groups and hinders social cohesion (Horowitz, 2000). Bosnia was composed of Muslims and non-Muslims. In 1992, fierce propaganda was spread by Serbs depi cting Muslims as extremist fundamentalists. This made Bosnia Serbs support Serbian militia fighting against Bosnia Muslims. Other factors such as economic factors and weak national institutions had little impact among the causes of the Bosnia war. However, these factors still remain valid causes of ethnic conflict among different ethnic groups. Several countries in Africa and Asia experience conflict due to imbalance in economic development and institutions that disregard the law. The Bosnia conflict was ended by the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement in 1995. The peace deal had been brokered by the U.S government. The Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic, Bosnian president Alija Izetbegovic, and Croatian President Franjo Tudjman signed the peace agreement. The United States, Russia, France, Germany, and Britain initiated the peace deal that ended the war in 1995. Sarajevo was made the capital city of Bosnia, and the country was divided into two regions along ethnic lines. The Serbs were given 49 per cent of the country, and the remaining 51 per cent was allocated to the Bosnia Muslims. The deal led to the establishment of a Peace Implementation Council to coordinate reconstruction and development projects. The deal included the deployment of NATO troops in the country for peace keeping. A UN High Representative was appointed to make and enforce the law at the state and entity level. The country conducted national elections that established a government of three presidents. Through the peace agreement, political differences that led to the conflict had been addressed. According to Horowitz (2000), differences in political ideologies and the desire for political dominance lead to ethnic conflict. The peace agreement led to the establishment of a central government that would rule over Bosnia. Each entity also has a state government, police, and the military. The issue of weak institutions that disregard the law and a weak nation or ethnic group was addressed. T he weak Bosnia Muslims were given the biggest portion of the country and established a state government and a military force. This gave them an institution that guarantees their security and makes laws that govern the state. The PIC makes decisions that have been implemented by international organizations such as IMF, the World Bank,

Nigerian Benefits And Advantages Of Globalization Politics Essay

Nigerian Benefits And Advantages Of Globalization Politics Essay Globalization of the world economy is the integration of economies throughout the world through trade, financial flows, the exchange of technology and information, and the movement of people. The level of movement towards integration is clearly reflected in the rising importance of world trade and capital flows in the world economy. Furthermore globalization refers to the fact that we all are increasingly living in one world, so that individuals, groups and nations will become ever more interdependent. According to globalization 101, the Levin institute university of New York. He said globalization is the integration of economic, political, and cultural systems across the globe? Or is it the dominance of developed countries in decision-making, at the expense of poorer, less powerful nations? Is globalization a force for economic growth, prosperity, and democratic freedom? Or is it a force for environmental devastation, exploitation of the developing world, and suppression of human ri ghts? Does globalization only benefit the rich or can the poor take advantage of it to improve their well-being? Globalization refers to the fact that we are increasingly living in one world, so that individuals, groups, and nations become ever more interdependent. Globalization in this sense has been occurring over a long period of human history and it is certainly not restricted to the contemporary world. Nevertheless, current debates are much more focused on the sheer pace and intensity of globalization over the past 30years or so. Baylis and Smith defined globalization as the process of interconnectedness between societies such that events in one part of the world more and more have effects on people and the societies far away. E.g. the attack of 9/11 took place in a single country-the USA [9/11/2001]-but the event was seen around the world instantaneously on TV screens. The attack was carried out by the Al Qaeda, a loosely non-state organizations with followers in around 50 countries. They were arranged using globalised technology such as international bank accounts and internet. Globalization has cultural, economic, and political effects or impacts. In each of these areas the world seem to be shrinking so that geographical distance plays less of a role in limiting social life. The intensification o worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. (Giddens 1990:21) The integration of the world economy. (Gilpin 2001:36) De-territorialization or the growth of supraterritorial relations between people. (scholte 2000:46) Time space compression (Harvey 1989) LITERATURE REVIEW According to martin Griffiths, he said globalization has certain identifiable characteristics, although there is no consensus in the field about any of them. In the first place, it involves a growing consciousness of the world as a single place. This is reflected in phrases such as global village and the global economy. Few places are more than a days travel away and communication across territorial borders is now almost instantaneous. In 1980 there were about 1 million international travelers per day. In 2000 more than 3 million people crossed territorial borders as tourists each day. And in 2003, the WTO estimated that global tourism generated nearly us693 billion. Second, new information and communication technology has improved access to overseas markets and streamlined both production and distribution of goods and the trade in foreign exchange. Third, human being are becoming more and more dependent upon one another as problems such as global warming, the international drugs trade and terrorism can only be managed through greater cooperation at a supranational level. It is true that not everybody benefits from globalization. To take full advantages of globalization it requires both capital and access to technology. Many states in the international system have neither. A large proportion of the worlds population, for example does not have access to the telephone. Being on the net is not something which makes a lot of sense to those living in the poorest parts of the third world. In other words, globalization may not be global after all. At best, its spread and impact are uneven. From the perspective of the OCECG countries, there are many unresolved issues with respect to globalization. Among them is its relationship to democracy. If globalization is indeed weakening the ability of states to make autonomous economic and political decisions, then one might argue that globalization is a dangerously anti-democratic force. According to Anthony Giddens, he argues that globalization is the result of industrialization and modernization, which picked up pace in the late 19th century. And in fact a strong case can be made that the world was highly globalized 100 or more years age. In the late 19th century, people could not move across national borders without passports. The extent of international trade and capital flow in the late 20thcentury only restored the level achieved before world war (1914-1918). According to Haralambos he said global economy is no longer basically agricultural or industrial in its basis but rather, it is progressively more dominated by activity that is light and insubstantial. This light or weightless economy is one in which products have their base in information, as is the case with computer software, media and entertainment products and internet-based services. The process of globalization is often portrayed exclusively as an economic occurrence. Much is made of the role of transnational corporations, whose colossal operations now extend across national borders, influencing global production processes and the international distribution of labour. Transnational corporations are companies that produce goods or market services in more than one country. These may be comparatively small firms with one or two factories outside the country in which they are based, or extremely large international ventures whose operations criss-cross the globe. Examples Coca-Col a, Kodak, Mitsubishi, etc, are oriented towards global markets and global profits; they are at the centre of economic globalization. They account for 2/3rds of all world trade, and are instrumental in the circulation of new technology around the globe and are major actors in international financial markets. Few years after the 2nd world war Tnc became a global process, its spread in the initial post war years came from firms based in the United States, but by 1970s, European and Japanese firms increasingly began to invest abroad. In the late 1980s and 1890s, Tcs expanded drastically with the establishment of three powerful regional markets; Europe [the single European market], Asia-Pacific [the Osaka Declaration guaranteed free and open trade by 2010] and North America [the North American free trade agreement]. Since the early 1990s countries in other areas of the world have also liberalized restrictions on foreign investment. By 21stc there were few economies in the world that stoo d beyond the reach of Tcs, in the past decade they have expanded their influence in the developing countries and in the societies of former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. Others point to the electronic incorporation of global financial markets and the mammoth volume of global capital flows; banks, corporations, fund managers and individual investors are able to shift funds internationally with the click of a mouse. Still others focus on the unmatched capacity of world trade, involving a much broader variety of goods and services than ever before. Since World War 11 globalization has been driven by Trade negotiation rounds, originally under the auspices of GATT [General Agreement on Trade led to a treaty to create the World Trade Organizations [WTO], to mediate trade disputes. Other bi-and trilateral trade agreements, including section of Europes Maastricht Treaty and the North American Free Trade Agreement have also been signed in pursuit of the goal of reducing tariffs and barrie rs. According to Alain Anderson, he talked about the effect of globalization; he said that globalization is leading to a fall in the price of some goods and services because production is being switched from high cost location to low cost locations. For example, switching production of television sets from Wales to china will lead to a fall in labour costs because Chinese workers are prepared to work for a fraction of the wages of welsh worker are prepared to work for a fraction of the wages of welsh workers. Equally, the globalization of technology of technology means that a Chinese factory can employ the most advanced machines and methods of production to ensure lowest cost. However he also said globalization is leading to a rise in price in some goods and services. This is because globalization is raising average world incomes. Higher income means higher demand for individual products. According to Joshua s. Goldstein, he said that two keys events of recent globalization. The terrorists who plotted and carried out the September 11/2001, attacks used the internet t assist in planning, coordination and fundraising f or the attacks. And global economic recession of 2008-2009, which began with a collapse of the U.S home mortgage market, spread quickly to other nations. Highly integrated global financial markets created a ripple effect across the globe. Thus, two hallmarks of globalization-expanding communications technology and integrated markets-facilitated events that directly impacted our daily lives. According to Jon c. pevehouse, he sees globalization as the fruition of liberal economic principles. A global market place has brought growth and prosperity (not to all countries but to those most integrated with the global market). This economic process has made traditional states obsolete as economic units. States are thus losing authority to supranational institutions such as the international monetary fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) and to transnational actors such as MNCs and NGOs. The values of technocrats and elite, educated citizens in liberal democracies are becoming global values, reflecting an emerging global civilization. The old north-south division is seen as less important, because the global south is moving in divergent directions depending on countries and regions integration with world markets. A second perspective is skeptical of these claims about globalization. This skeptics note that the worlds major economies are no integrated today than before World War 1 (when British hegemony provided a common set of expectations and institutions). The skeptics also doubt that regional and geographical distinctions such as the north-south divide are disappearing in favor of a single global market. Rather, they see the north-south gap as increasing with globalization. Also, the economic integration of states may be leading not to a single world free trade zone, but to distinct and rival regional blocs in America, Europe, and Asia. The supposed emerging world civilization is disproving by the fragmenting of large units (such as the Soviet Union) into smaller ones along lines of language, religion and other such as cultural factors. A third school of thought sees globalization as more profound than the skeptics believe, yet more uncertain than view of supporters of liberal economics. These transformationalists see state sovereignty as being eroded by the EU the WTO, and other new institution so that sovereignty is no longer an absolute but just one of a spectrum of bargaining leverage held by states. The bargaining itself increasingly involves no state actors. Thus globalization, but transformed to operate in new contexts with new tools. For the realist part, globalization does not alter the most significant feature of world politics, namely the territorial division of the world into nation-states. While the increased interconnectedness between economies and societies might make them more dependent one another, the same cannot be said about the states-system. Here, states retain sovereignty and globalization does not render obsolete the struggle for political power between states. Nor does it undermine the importance of the balance of power. Globalization may affect our social, economic and cultural lives, but it does not transcend the international political system of states. For the liberal part, the picture looks very different because they tend to see globalization as the end product of a long running transformation of world politics. For them, globalization fundamentally undermines realist accounts of world politics since it shows that states are no longer such central actors, of differing importance according to the issue area concerned. Liberals are particularly interested in the revolution in technology and communications represented by globalization. This increased interconnectedness between societies, which is economically and technologically led, results in a very different pattern of world political relations from that which has gone before. States are no longer sealed units, if ever they were, and as a result the world looks more like a cobweb of relations than like the state model of realism or the class model of Marxist theory. For Marxist theorists, globalization is a bit of a sham. It is nothing particularly new, and is really only the latest stage in the development of international capitalism. It does not mark a qualitative shift in world politics, nor does it render all our existing theories and concepts redundant. Above all, it is western led phenomenon which basically simply furthers the development of international capitalism. Rather than make the world more alike, it further deepens the existing divide between the core, the semi-periphery, and the periphery. For constructivist theorists, globalization tends to be presented as external force acting on states, which leaders often argue is a reality that they cannot challenge. This constructivists argue, is a very political act, since it underestimates the ability of leaders to challenge and shape globalization and instead allows them to duck responsibility by blaming the way the world is. Instead, constructivists think that we can mould globalization in a variety of ways, notably because it offers us very real chances to create cross national social movements aided by modern technological forms of communication such as the internet. The skeptical view of globalization. The skeptical accounts of globalization tend to dismiss its significance for the study of world politics. They do so on the ground that By comparison with the period 1870 to 1914, the world is much less globalized economically, politically and culturally. Rather than globalization, the contemporary world is marked by intensifying geopolitics, regionalization and internationalization. The vest bulk of international economic and political activity is concentrated within the group of OECD states. By comparison with the heyday of European global empires, the majority of the worlds population and countries in the south are now much less integrated into the global system. Geopolitics, state power, nationalism and territorial boundaries are growing, not less, importance in world politics. Internationalization or regionalizations are creatures of state policy not corporate actor or capitalist imperatives. Globalization is at best a self serving myth or ideology which reinforces western and particularly US hegemony in world politics. (hirst and Thompson 1999,2003) The impact of globalization on the developing countries by Chandrasekaran Balakrishnan Globalisation is the new exhortation that has come to dominate the world since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war and the break-up of the previous Soviet Union and the global development towards the regular globe. The frontiers of the state with increased dependence on the market economy and renewed faith in the private capital and resources, a process of structural adjustment spurred by the studies and influences of the World Bank and other International organisations have started in many of the developing countries. Also Globalisation has brought in new opportunities to developing countries. Greater access to developed country markets and technology transfer hold out promise improved productivity and higher living standard. But globalisation has also thrown up new challenges like growing inequality across and within nations, volatility in financial market and environmental deteriorations. Another negative aspect of globalisation is that a great majority o f developing countries remain removed from the process. Turn over the nineties the process of globalisation of the Indian economy was constrained by the barriers to trade and investment liberalisation of trade, investment and financial flows initiated in the nineties has increasingly lowered the barriers to competition and hastened the rate of globalisation POPULATION SIZE: 10 people. THE INSTRUMENT FOR DATA COLLECTION: internet, books, use of questionnaires. OBSERVATION My observation on globalization is that the notion that the indirect benefits of financial integration, which may be difficult to pick up in regression analysis, could be quite important. Also, the long-run gains, which in some cases have not yet been realized, may exceed the short-term costs. For instance, although Europes efforts to achieve monetary integration resulted in its being buffeted by severe and costly crises in the early 1990s, these efforts eventually brought about the transition to the single currency in use throughout much of Europe today. EXPERIENCES My experience of globalization has a great degree. Different from the level of development at which a country has engaged with it. Some developing countries and countries with economies in transition have been well positioned to take advantage of the new opportunities for trade and investment, and building on domestic savings, foreign investment and capital inflows, technology transfers, human resource development and export orientation, have achieved rapid economic growth. CONCLUSION The main conclusions is that, so far it has proven difficult to find robust evidence supporting the proposition that financial integration helps developing countries to improve growth rate.